Works Cited
Jeffrey Powell
Cob, Ron. "Boston's Freedom Trail Makes It Easy to Follow American History." ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH [ST. LOUIS] 16 June 2003: n. pag. Print.
The First Amendment to the Constitution forbids Congress from making any law "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press." The courts have traditionally ruled, however, that the framers of the Constitution never intended to protect all forms of expression. Some works, in fact, are considered so offensive to society's standards of decency that they are banned from any public display. How to tell the difference between a work that is unpopular but tolerable and one that is completely unacceptable has been an ongoing concern of the American court system. During the 1950s the Supreme Court made several significant decisions regarding the controversy.
"freedom of speech." wordpress.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://writemywordsinmythoughts.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/i-am-free-to-say-what-i-want-are-you-free-to-listen/freedom-of-speech/>.
"Free Speech Limitations Outlined by Supreme Court, 1920." DISCovering U.S. History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center - Junior. Gale. Glenwood Middle School (Howard Cnty). 15 Dec. 2012 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&source=gale&srcprod=SRCJ&userGroupName=glen46605&prodId=SRC-4&tabID=T001&docId=EJ2104240074&&contentSet=GSRC&version=1.0>.
"http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/03/countries/united-states/its-un-american-to-silence-limbaugh/attachment/hate-speech-is-not-free-speech." http://www.themuslimtimes.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/03/countries/united-states/its-un-american-to-silence-limbaugh/attachment/hate-speech-is-not-free-speech>.
"International Religious Freedom Report 2009: Executive Summary." International Religious Freedom Report 2009. 26 Oct 2009: n.p. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 14 Dec 2012.
LATTIMER, J.E. FREEDOM OF SPEECH. http://fictionalmachines.com. J. E. LATTIMER, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://fictionalmachines.com/2012/05/07/freedom-of-speech/>.
Liptak, Adam. "1971 The Pentagon Papers: Forty Years Before Wikileaks, The New York Times Published Secret Pentagon Documents About The Vietnam War. It Turned Into One Of The Most Important First Amendment Battles In U.S. history." New York Times 21 Feb. 2011: n. pag. Student Resource Center Junior. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Smith, Edward Conrad. "SYMBOLIC SPEECH." First Amendment freedoms 13 Dec. 12: n. pag. Print.
Urofsky, Melvin. "Rights of the People...Freedom of Speech." Rights of the People: Individual Freedom and the Bill of Rights. 2003: 20-27. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 15 Dec 2012.
William, Murchison. "Freedom and speech and American decline." The American Spectator May 2011: n. pag. Print.
Jeffrey Powell
Cob, Ron. "Boston's Freedom Trail Makes It Easy to Follow American History." ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH [ST. LOUIS] 16 June 2003: n. pag. Print.
The First Amendment to the Constitution forbids Congress from making any law "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press." The courts have traditionally ruled, however, that the framers of the Constitution never intended to protect all forms of expression. Some works, in fact, are considered so offensive to society's standards of decency that they are banned from any public display. How to tell the difference between a work that is unpopular but tolerable and one that is completely unacceptable has been an ongoing concern of the American court system. During the 1950s the Supreme Court made several significant decisions regarding the controversy.
"freedom of speech." wordpress.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://writemywordsinmythoughts.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/i-am-free-to-say-what-i-want-are-you-free-to-listen/freedom-of-speech/>.
"Free Speech Limitations Outlined by Supreme Court, 1920." DISCovering U.S. History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center - Junior. Gale. Glenwood Middle School (Howard Cnty). 15 Dec. 2012 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&source=gale&srcprod=SRCJ&userGroupName=glen46605&prodId=SRC-4&tabID=T001&docId=EJ2104240074&&contentSet=GSRC&version=1.0>.
"http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/03/countries/united-states/its-un-american-to-silence-limbaugh/attachment/hate-speech-is-not-free-speech." http://www.themuslimtimes.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/03/countries/united-states/its-un-american-to-silence-limbaugh/attachment/hate-speech-is-not-free-speech>.
"International Religious Freedom Report 2009: Executive Summary." International Religious Freedom Report 2009. 26 Oct 2009: n.p. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 14 Dec 2012.
LATTIMER, J.E. FREEDOM OF SPEECH. http://fictionalmachines.com. J. E. LATTIMER, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://fictionalmachines.com/2012/05/07/freedom-of-speech/>.
Liptak, Adam. "1971 The Pentagon Papers: Forty Years Before Wikileaks, The New York Times Published Secret Pentagon Documents About The Vietnam War. It Turned Into One Of The Most Important First Amendment Battles In U.S. history." New York Times 21 Feb. 2011: n. pag. Student Resource Center Junior. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
Smith, Edward Conrad. "SYMBOLIC SPEECH." First Amendment freedoms 13 Dec. 12: n. pag. Print.
Urofsky, Melvin. "Rights of the People...Freedom of Speech." Rights of the People: Individual Freedom and the Bill of Rights. 2003: 20-27. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 15 Dec 2012.
William, Murchison. "Freedom and speech and American decline." The American Spectator May 2011: n. pag. Print.
Works Cited
Mike Bishop
"Clear and Present Danger: Free Speech and the Constitution." New York Council for the Humanities. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nyhumanities.org/programs/cb/id_3002.php>.
"Freedom of Speech." Civil Rights in America. American Journey Online. Woodbridge, CT.: Primary Source Microfilm, 1999. Student Resource Center - Junior. Gale. Glenwood Middle School (Howard Cnty). 13 Dec. 2012 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&source=gale&srcprod=SRCJ&userGroupName=glen46605&prodId=SRC-4&tabID=T001&docId=EJ2163000448&&contentSet=GSRC&version=1.0>
"Freedom of Speech." Fictional Machines. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. <http://fictionalmachines.com/2012/05/07/freedom-of-speech/>.
"Freedom of Speech." Wikipedia. 2012. Wikipedia.com. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. <http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech>.
"Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Press." Lincoln.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.
"Freedom of Expression." American Civil Liberties Union. N.p., 31 Oct. 2005. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. <http://www.aclu.org/free-speech/freedom-expression>.
Morse, Jane. "Freedom of Speech and Religion Must Be Balanced, Clinton Says." America.gov Press Release. 26 Oct 2009: n.p. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 11 Dec 2012.
Murphy, Bruce Allen. "Freedom of speech." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2012.
Mike Bishop
"Clear and Present Danger: Free Speech and the Constitution." New York Council for the Humanities. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nyhumanities.org/programs/cb/id_3002.php>.
"Freedom of Speech." Civil Rights in America. American Journey Online. Woodbridge, CT.: Primary Source Microfilm, 1999. Student Resource Center - Junior. Gale. Glenwood Middle School (Howard Cnty). 13 Dec. 2012 <http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do?&source=gale&srcprod=SRCJ&userGroupName=glen46605&prodId=SRC-4&tabID=T001&docId=EJ2163000448&&contentSet=GSRC&version=1.0>
"Freedom of Speech." Fictional Machines. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2012. <http://fictionalmachines.com/2012/05/07/freedom-of-speech/>.
"Freedom of Speech." Wikipedia. 2012. Wikipedia.com. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. <http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech>.
"Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Press." Lincoln.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.
"Freedom of Expression." American Civil Liberties Union. N.p., 31 Oct. 2005. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. <http://www.aclu.org/free-speech/freedom-expression>.
Morse, Jane. "Freedom of Speech and Religion Must Be Balanced, Clinton Says." America.gov Press Release. 26 Oct 2009: n.p. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 11 Dec 2012.
Murphy, Bruce Allen. "Freedom of speech." World Book Student. World Book, 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2012.
Works Cited
by: Sean Kinloch
"Commentary on U.S. Constitution, First Amendment." Civil Rights in America. Woodbridge, CT.: Primary Source Microfilm, 2012. N. pag. Print.
"Freedom of Speech." Art Value. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.artvalue.com>.
"Freedom of Speech." Civil Rights in America. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Microfilm, n.d. N. pag. Student Resource Center Junior. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
"Free Speech Limitations Outlined by Supreme Court, 1920." DISCovering U.S. History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003
Rated E for Everyone. The Intel Hub. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://theintelhub.com>.
Roleff, Tamara L. "Current Issues: Civil Liberties." Current Issues: Civil Liberties. 2009: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 14 Dec 2012.
Urofsky, Melvin. "Rights of the People...Freedom of Speech." Rights of the People: Individual Freedom and the Bill of Rights. 2003: 20-27. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 17 Dec 2012.
by: Sean Kinloch
"Commentary on U.S. Constitution, First Amendment." Civil Rights in America. Woodbridge, CT.: Primary Source Microfilm, 2012. N. pag. Print.
"Freedom of Speech." Art Value. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://www.artvalue.com>.
"Freedom of Speech." Civil Rights in America. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Microfilm, n.d. N. pag. Student Resource Center Junior. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
"Free Speech Limitations Outlined by Supreme Court, 1920." DISCovering U.S. History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003
Rated E for Everyone. The Intel Hub. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2012. <http://theintelhub.com>.
Roleff, Tamara L. "Current Issues: Civil Liberties." Current Issues: Civil Liberties. 2009: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 14 Dec 2012.
Urofsky, Melvin. "Rights of the People...Freedom of Speech." Rights of the People: Individual Freedom and the Bill of Rights. 2003: 20-27. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 17 Dec 2012.
By: Noah Williamson
Works Cited
Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty. "Freedom of Speech." The Reader's Companion to American History. Dec. 1 1991: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 11 Dec 2012.
"Freedom of Speech." Civil Rights in America. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Microfilm, 1999. N. pag. Student Resource Center Junior. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
"Freedom of the Press." Civil Rights in America. American Journey Online. Woodbridge, CT.: Primary Source Microfilm, 1999
Liberty. Liberty, 2012. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.liberty-human-rights.org>.
Meiklejohn, Alexander. "The Meaning of the First Amendment." Civil Rights in America. American Journey Online. Woodbridge, CT.: Primary Source Microfilm, 1955
Patrick, John J. "Freedom of Speech and Press." Supreme Court of the United States: A Student Companion. Dec. 1 2001: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 14 Dec 2012.
Spaeth, Harold J, and Edward Conrad Smith. "First Amendment freedoms.(Reference Source)." Constitution of the United States. HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. p105(15)
Works Cited
Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty. "Freedom of Speech." The Reader's Companion to American History. Dec. 1 1991: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 11 Dec 2012.
"Freedom of Speech." Civil Rights in America. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Microfilm, 1999. N. pag. Student Resource Center Junior. Web. 7 Dec. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com>.
"Freedom of the Press." Civil Rights in America. American Journey Online. Woodbridge, CT.: Primary Source Microfilm, 1999
Liberty. Liberty, 2012. Web. 17 Dec. 2012. <http://www.liberty-human-rights.org>.
Meiklejohn, Alexander. "The Meaning of the First Amendment." Civil Rights in America. American Journey Online. Woodbridge, CT.: Primary Source Microfilm, 1955
Patrick, John J. "Freedom of Speech and Press." Supreme Court of the United States: A Student Companion. Dec. 1 2001: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 14 Dec 2012.
Spaeth, Harold J, and Edward Conrad Smith. "First Amendment freedoms.(Reference Source)." Constitution of the United States. HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. p105(15)